Contemporary And International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Contemporary And International Marketing - Essay Example of globalization has constrained nations and the organizations to widen their systems and actualize these procedures in different markets to extend the size of their business and economies. In addition, TVs, cameras, media transmission administrations and items and electronic devices are in incredible interest by purchasers and organizations, who are associated with delivering these items and administrations, consider this to be request as an extraordinary chance to create considerably more prominent incomes. The extension of business can be as outside direct speculations, Greenfield adventures, authorizing and diversifying or by opening up an auxiliary in cross outskirt districts. Organizations can be engaged with universal markets for accomplishing advantages and essentialness of creation dependent on the expanded gracefully and request in outside business sectors (Lukac). In Sony’s case, the Japanese combination chose to venture into worldwide markets for conveying advantag es of its items and administrations to the clients all around the base and consequently, boosting its yearly incomes and shareholders’ riches (Sony Corporation). Sony has isolated its business into five geographic districts. These are Japan district, United States locale, European locale, Asia-Pacific district and Other Areas which remember various markets for Africa, North and South America and Oceania. Sony makes its significant benefits in United States, Japan and European districts, on account of the mass selling of its correspondence contraptions and TV in these locales. Sony’s yearly incomes in 2011 were added up to around 7,181,273 Japanese Yen which are - 0.0045% lower than the incomes detailed in 2010 (Sony Corporation). Sony thinks about four developing markets as its future possibilities for setting up industrial facilities and operational offices... This report focuses on that Sony offers an assortment of normalized items through the geographic locales wherein it is working together. These items can be named electronic gadgets, games and amusement arrangements. These classifications incorporates a scope of TVs and projectors, home theaters, cameras, workstations, games, versatile diversion arrangements, mobile phones, batteries and chargers, fringe gadgets and so on. Purpose behind creating and conveying normalized items to the objective clients at scattered areas is the significant expense of delivering and conveying separated items. Besides, consumers’ inclinations for electronic merchandise and devices are same all around the globe which permits Sony to sell its trademark and standard items all through. This paper makes an end that the audit of Sony Corporation’s business uncovers that the organization has set up itself as the maker of value electronic merchandise and devices. The consistency in quality conveyed to the clients and after deals administration makes Sony the world’s biggest producer of electronic merchandise and a solid name in the field, which causes the organization to keep up the present piece of the overall industry and pull in new clients. Besides, the huge size of its business, which is scattered in 5 districts of the world, causes Sony to outmaneuver its rivals, which is enhanced by the systems received by the organization with respect to its advertising blend.

The Reforms of Peter the Great Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reforms of Peter the Great - Essay Example As indicated by Thomas Riha, he was one of only a handful barely any pioneers in the domain who had â€Å"†¦ the creative mind and capacity to offer exceptional individual leadership† (498). He initiated radical changes in the country’s training military, neighborhood government and church by rearranging his military in accordance with western norms, making a naval force secularizing the instruction division too and practicing more prominent control of the reactionary Orthodox Church contrasted with any of his antecedents. In synopsis, his international strategy was forceful thinking about that he, â€Å"...acquired region in Estonia, Latvia and Finland and through a few wars with Turkey in the south† (â€Å"Peter the Great biography†). This paper is an assessment of the changes made by Peter the extraordinary, their belongings, and the criticalness they had on Russia. While trying to debilitate the forces of the common government which he thought abo ut a danger, Peter permitted the towns to choose their own authorities who might be accused of assortment of income and reproduction of exchange, the genuine force behind the nearby government was Ratusha situated in Moscow. In 1702, an elective board that supplanted the old arrangement of chose sheriffs administered towns, also, in 1724; he changed the framework with the goal that neighborhood governments could have a semi nobility of sorts where towns could act naturally represented under organizations of chose wealthy residents. Regardless, these changes were impressively hard to actualize, practice since nearby land owners and the common representative had huge impact, and their hang on neighborhood issues was incredibly hard to break. Commonplace government was partitioned into eight Guberniia, which were going by a Gubnator who had outright force from inside the guberniia that were isolated into locale known as Uzeda, which by 1718 the expanded by twelve in number. Dwindle con sidering the forty Provintsiia, so as to solidify his capacity he guaranteed the Gubnators in spite of their neighborhood self-rule were legitimately responsible to him. For this situation, there were forty divisions to do his requests, be that as it may, since not every one of them had predefined capacities their obligations would once in a while overspill into one another making wastefulness and a remittance for defilement. Peter’s unified government arrangement was apparent in that â€Å"†¦each of the territories was administered by a delegated governor† (Riasanovsky and Steinberg 259). This implied the governors practiced force at his pleasure, thus were completely faithful to him. Peter’s faith in absolutism guaranteed that the congregation would no longer hold its semiautonomous status, as he was keen on its control since it was a very riches establishment among different reasons. Moreover, he needed access to these assets, and despite the fact that h e had attempted to modernize it, yet it had would not be changed and stayed relentless in its conventional manners. Besides, the congregation had considerable measures of land, numerous serfs and other â€Å"properties†; subsequently, Peter was awkward in light of the fact that it showed up in a manner the congregation was equaling him. So as to control the congregation, Peter would not choose a pioneer of the congregation after Partricah Aldrich passed on and bit by bit assumed control over the congregation incorporating it into the state. In the year 1701, it was set under an administration division known as Monastyrskii Prikaz, and they paid the priests

Why Zoloft Works Best for Less Severe Alcoholics

Why Zoloft Works Best for Less Severe Alcoholics Addiction Alcohol Use Print Why Anti-Depressant Zoloft Works Best for Less Severe Alcoholics By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 07, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 21, 2019 sx70 / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery One of the ways that alcohol can affect the brain is by damaging the functioning of serotonin, a chemical that influences mood, sleep, appetite, temperature regulation, and mood.?? Consequently, people who struggle with alcohol dependence often report problems with depression and anxiety.?? Their health care providers will typically prescribe selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to help them maintain optimal levels of serotonin. SSRIs are the most widely prescribed class of anti-depressants, said William Dundon, senior research investigator in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. SSRIs work by affecting the level of serotonin in the brain and elsewhere in the body. In the brain, serotonin is thought to influence mood, emotions, sleep, appetite, and temperature regulation. Research has found, however, that SSRIsâ€"such as sertraline (Zoloft)â€"do not work well for some alcoholics.?? Zoloft Doesnt Work for All Alcoholics To determine why SSRIs help some patients with alcohol use disorders and not others, Dundon and his colleagues examined two categories of alcoholics defined by researcher Thomas Babor of the University of Connecticut. Babor divided individuals with alcohol problems into two groups, Type A and Type B. Type A alcoholism is environment-based and generally occurs later in life, while Type B alcoholism is genetics based and arises early in life.?? According to Babors research, Type B alcoholism tends to have a greater adverse impact than Type A alcoholism. Generally speaking, Type B alcoholism is more severe and higher risk than Type A alcoholism. During the study, 100 alcoholics were given a three-month course of either sertraline (200 mg/day) or placebo capsules and individual therapy based on the Alcoholics Anonymous framework. The 55 Type A alcoholics and the 45 Type B alcoholics were later interviewed about their alcohol consumption.?? Zoloft Helps Type A Alcoholics The researchers compared monthly alcohol consumption for the six months following treatment to alcohol consumption during the last month of treatment. Dundons study found that Type A alcoholics had a better treatment response to Zoloft than did Type B alcoholics.?? During the six months following treatment, Type A alcoholics treated with Zoloft maintained their gains, while Type B alcoholics did not. Maintained Positive Results Specifically, the Dundon study found:?? Type A alcoholics who took Zoloft maintained, for at least six months after treatment ceased, the positive results they obtained during treatmentType B alcoholics treated with Zoloft continued to show no pharmacotherapeutic benefits during the six-month period following treatment.For Type B alcoholics, heavy drinking actually increased during the six months following treatment with Zoloft. SSRIs Are Not Appropriate for Type B Alcoholics We appear to have identified a subgroup of alcoholics, Type As, who responded well to sertraline during treatment and maintained their gains over a six-month period after ending treatment, said Dundon. However, there is another subgroup, Type Bs, for whom SSRIs may not be appropriate. This subgroup seemed to maintain their gains from the AA-based individual therapy only if they had not received sertraline, he said.?? The reason the researchers examined Babors two types of alcoholics is due to previous research that suggested that there were differences in serotonin metabolism between the two groups.?? Type B alcoholics were found to have more abnormalities in serotonin metabolism, in the earlier study, and it was thought that group would be more likely to respond to Zoloft treatment. However, the Type B alcoholics did worse on the SSRI treatment and during the six-month, post-treatment period. Implications for Alcoholism Treatment Plans The researchers concluded that being able to determine whether alcoholics entering treatment are either Type A or Type B could be helpful in developing a treatment plan. I think our study clearly suggests that there may be ways to subtype alcoholics and that these different subgroups of alcoholics may respond differently to the same treatment, Dundon said. Numerous classification schemes have been proposed to differentiate types of alcoholics. Our study supports the usefulness of the Babor Type A and Type B classification system. Study Confirms Babors Type A and B Alcoholics Later research by the Public Health Institute and the University of California, San Francisco using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions confirmed that Type A and Type B alcoholics exist in real life.?? The study found that Type B alcoholics in the general population, compared to Type As, had higher alcohol severity and more co-occurring drug, mental, and physical health problems. Type B alcoholics were twice as likely to be alcohol dependent three years later and more likely to be heavy drinkers and drug dependent.??

The Pros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence - 1405 Words

From the earliest time, man has dreamed of machines that could act and think like him. This idea has since brought up many serious ethical and moral questions: Should â€Å"flawed† humans create â€Å"flawed† machines with increasing power and complexity, and then trust them? The increasingly popular â€Å"We can do it, so we should† notion of technology has created a huge dilemma, as has commercial, political, and military institutions that seek their own interests first when regarding scientific theories and breakthroughs. Although it represents a huge technological advancement, the use of artificial intelligence is a tool that should be used with caution and must not be too heavily relied upon. True autonomy means free will, meaning machines would be†¦show more content†¦In the mid 20th century, computing power began to catch up, with lab interests in ATT and IBM. By the time the 21st century came about, AI began to make an appearance outside of the l aboratory. With the development of the World Wide Web, cheap computing power, big data, and social media tracking, AI is now at the center of all human information gathering, organizing, propagation, and discovery. AI techniques are key for finding, shaping, and inventing knowledge used in human interaction. Google, Amazon, and other data suppliers are citing AI techniques as the key success factor for their business models for planning for the future. In 1997, an IBM supercomputer named â€Å"Deep Blue† beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov. By running in massive parallel, - which is the use of many little computers to perform a set of instructions in parallel - Deep Blue was able to calculate any and all possible chess moves almost instantly, allowing it to play within tournament time constraints. Although Kasparov was able to beat the machine in their first match, Deep Blue managed to outwit him in the second, and ultimately, in the final. IBM’s supercomputer Watson too, was able to beat two of Jeopardy’s greatest champions. In 2011, Watson went up against Ken Jennings, with 74 winning appearances, and Brad Rutter, who had earned the biggest prize of $3.25 million. Watson won the game by $55,547. Watson’s componentShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence1704 Words   |  7 PagesArtificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a topic of major controversy in today’s world. When people first hear about this, they may quickly jump to conclusions that can be either positive or negative. On one end of the spectrum, some may think that it could mean the end of humanity. That AI systems might surpass human intelligence, and come to the conclusion that humans are inferior to them, which has several implications on its own. On the other end, some may think that it could beRead MorePros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence1439 Words   |  6 Pagesterror and fear across the globe, and we must control people in power abusing their positions to benefit themselves and their agendas. Instead of ignoring these human mistakes, we must break them down and figure out how they could happen. Artificial Intelligence relies on our abilities to learn from our mistakes and mold our future in a way that will be beneficial and equal to all people. This paper will present the many benefits tha t A.I. will give societies while evaluate some of the precautionsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence1245 Words   |  5 Pagescontain computers. It is for this reason that computers and their software should become more intelligent to make our lives easier. Artificial Intelligence systems can and will benefit us all, however many have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our downfall. Artificial Intelligence has been around for years, but what is artificial intelligence? It is an artifact to perform the same kinds of functions that characterize human thought processes. The possibility of developingRead MoreThe Controversy of Artificial Intelligence1476 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout its history, artificial intelligence has always been a topic with much controversy. Should human intelligence be mimicked? If so, are there ethical bounds on what computers should be programmed to do? These are a couple of question that surround the artificial intelligence controversy. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of artificial intelligence so that you will be able to make an educated decision on the issue. What is Artificial Intelligence? The first step in getting anywhereRead MoreThe Age Of Artificial Intelligence1418 Words   |  6 PagesJennie Nguyen Ms.Decker Honors English IV 24 Sept. 2015 The Age of Artificial Intelligence â€Å"Intelligence is described as the ability to adapt to new environments and situations and being able to understand consequences and effects that your actions cause. This is something that all living creatures have in some way or another. Animals can adapt to their environments and react to interference, and plants do the same. Human intelligence, however, is in an entirely different ball park. With the upriseRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Most Controversial Field877 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation scientists know about artificial intelligence has increased to levels never reached before. In 1968, the first computer controlled walking machine was created and today, robots are replacing humans in the work industry (History 5). By the year 2029, it is predicted that robots will be able to outsmart their makers (Khomami 1). More knowledge about artificial intelligence is being acquired by scientists. There are several advantages that come with artificial intelligence in robots, but coupled withRead MoreThe Invention Of Artificial Intelligence1668 Words   |  7 PagesIn our lives today, we all use some form of Artificial Intelligence daily. Some of these activities include: using cellular apps (Google Maps, Siri, Cortana), playing video games, and listening to music. Although the use of Artificial Intelligence has made human life more efficient and effective, it has also insinuated reliance and unsuspecting ignorance into our minds as well, and we do not even see it coming. The history of Artificial Intelligence dates back to the 1950s. Approximately fourteenRead MoreThreads Of Artificial Intelligence On Society And Economy Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Threads of Artificial intelligence on Society and economy†, written by Lee, chairman, chief executive of Sinovation Ventures and the president of its Artificial Intelligence Institute. This article addresses questions about the future challenges and impacts of artificial intelligence on society and economy. In short, people will start to lose jobs, and there will be an imbalance due to large profit growth in companies that own artificial intelligence. When a company uses Artificial intelligence in placeRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And Human Intelligence1312 Words   |  6 PagesArtificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is the technology that involves computers and machines displaying it’s own intelligence. The practical uses for computers making their own decisions is a very important technology to develop, because this would allow the deployment of robots in environments too harsh for humans to brave, such as other planets, or even war zones. While artificial intelligence is a very good idea, true human intelligence will be very difficult to reach. While a computerRead MoreThe Effect Of Artificial Intelligence On The Medical Industry1097 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of Artificial Intelligence in the Medical Industry Artificial intelligence is defined as the development of computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. In the scientific industry, artificial intelligence is used to assist surgeons in surgery, called robotic surgery and is most likely to become the most dominant form of surgery. Robot assisted surgery has been prevalent for about ten years now, and is becoming popular in many industries. From an aeronautical

Steve Jobs - Leadership - 1472 Words

Q: Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, was asked to come back as Chief Executive in 1997 when the business was making a loss. Jobs was appointed to provide a clearer vision for the business and to improve its profitability. How easy is it for a Chief Executive to change a struggling business into a more successful one? Justify your answer with reference to Apple and/or other organisations you know. A: There have been many different companies in the past which have suffered from internal / external problems. However they have also recovered because of critical decision-making and also because of strong leaders who have also the skill of being potential visionaries and mavericks. Steve jobs had been replaced by John sculley (who was†¦show more content†¦Howard Schultz and Steve jobs would have taken an authoritarian approach towards the situation their company was in. Their experience and strong-minded will would have led them into taking those essential decisions. Any large company should have contingency plans, which will enable them to recover from a sudden crisis whether internal or external. The chief executive should have a vision initially created which enables the managers to use and employ in the business. They should be responsible for planning, organising, coordinating and monitoring. However with any firm, a crisis may occur and cause the overall downfall of the company. Some adversities cannot be foreseen e.g. external changes such as social taste, economic negative growth and environmental concerns. It’s relatively easier to deal with internal problems rather than external. Another example of a leader who changed a company’s future is Sir Terry Leahy – Former CEO of Tesco supermarkets. His company struggled previously because there was heavy competition from the 2 main oligopolies – Marks and Spencers and Sainsburys. Under his leadership, Sales quadrupled Profit levels increased by 6 times to 3.2 Billi on in 2010. He had 10 principles which made him a great leader however all his main principles relied upon: goals and corporate objectives for the company, employee well-being and customer satisfaction. HeShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Leadership3274 Words   |  14 PagesMG203 LEADING IN A COMPLEX WORLD LEADERSHIP ESSAY ASSIGNMENT 2010-2011 Student details Family name: Aitken First Name: DavidRegistration number: 200915741 Word count (excluding cover page, instructions and references): 2748 Steve Jobs is the CEO at Apple. Jobs founded Apple in 1976, and the company has developed into a major force within the electronics industry. Much of the success of the company has been due to the leadership of Steve Jobs. He has the personal attributes which are neededRead MoreLeadership : Steve Jobs1426 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership – Steve Jobs Robbins, DeCenzo and Coulter state that the behavioral theories of leadership approach would provide more definitive answers about the nature of leadership (301). In this paper, we will use behavioral theories from different authors to analyze a few events in the life of Apple’s former CEO, Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs was the mastermind who created Apple and helped shape half a dozen industries – personal computers (the Macintosh and iMac), music sales (iPod and iTunes), computerRead MoreLeadership Style Of Steve Jobs2042 Words   |  9 Pages 21st Century Leadership Name: Institutional Affiliation: 21st Century Leadership Overall leadership style(s) of Steve Jobs According to Williams (2014) Achievement-oriented leadership refers to a leadership style through which the leader often sets goals that are challenging and sets high expectations for the staff. Moreover, the leaders exhibit confidence that the workforce shall assume total responsibility and as a result put forward extraordinary effort while performing aRead MoreThe Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages Steve Jobs was a computer designer, executive and innovator, as well as an all-around role model for many people in both their businesses and their personal lives. As the cofounder of Apple Computers and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios, he revolutionized the computer and animation industries, amassing a fortune worth $10.2 billion at the time of his death. Jobs intuitively understood the power of cultural influence in sustaining the strategic capabilities implicit in his perpetual vision ofRead MoreLeadership Steve Jobs Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pages Steve Jobs Outline Michael Spellberg Critical Thinking amp; Problem-Solving August 10, 2014 Professor Ketsia Mcclease DeVry University Steve Jobs Outline I.Introduction   The greatest visionary and leader the late Steve Jobs, he revolutionized the world with his innovations and leadership, he was the leader who brought PC to the mass business sector, then happened to make music players and cell telephones that consumer cherished. His small telephones were packed with so much processingRead MoreLeadership Analysis : Steve Jobs923 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership â€Å"the ability to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action, even in difficult situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure†(investopedia).Throughout history there has been many leaders from Martin Luther King, Napoleon Bonaparte, Bill Gates, and Steve jobs that has shown good communication skills, confidence inRead MoreThe Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Steve Jobs was a computer designer, executive and innovator, as well as an all-around role model for many people in both their businesses and their personal lives. As the cofounder of Apple Computers and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios, he revolutionized the computer and animation industries, amassing a fortune worth $10.2 billion at the time of his death.†(Hom , 2013) Jobs intuitively understood the power of cultural influence in sustaining the strategic capabilities implicit in his perpetualRead MoreSteve Jobs : Leadership Qualities1703 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders, it would be difficult to overlook Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple, Inc. There is argument regarding whether individuals are born with leadership qualities or if they are learned over time. Whether innate or learned, Steve Jobs was exhibiting leadership qualities at a young age. Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955. Given up for adoption by his biological parents, he was adopted by Paul and Clara Ja cobs of San Francisco. Steve and his adoptive parents moved to a suburbanRead MoreLeadership Style Of Steve Jobs1149 Words   |  5 PagesSTEVE JOBS The aim of this essay is to basically dissect the leadership style of Steve Jobs in accomplishing results. Steve Jobs was an American businessman, an early proponent of (PCs) and a social symbol. He’s best known for his two wildly successful tenures as co-founder and CEO of Apple. In 2011,  he had a net worth of $10.2 billion.  Throughout the years, his visionary ideas and close attention to detail were instrumental to the products that Apple would go on to create during his tenure, includingRead MoreThe Leadership Style Of Steve Jobs1426 Words   |  6 Pages Steve Jobs was a computer designer, executive and innovator, as well as an all-around role model for many people in both their businesses and their personal lives. As the cofounder of Apple Computers and former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios, he revolutionized the computer and animation industries, amassing a fortune worth $10.2 billion at the time of his death. Jobs intuitively understood the power of cultural infl uence in sustaining the strategic capabilities implicit in his perpetual vision of

High School and Exemption Forms Free Essays

I am in the process of distributing Exemption Forms to students today. I wanted to go over a few things with you so that we are all on the same page. Exemptions were put into place to encourage and reward good attendance and behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on High School and Exemption Forms or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not a privilege entitled to every student simply because they are enrolled in our school†¦ It is a REWARD. Please pass this on to your students. The rules are very simple†¦. If you have been in SIS, DEEP or if you have been suspended this semester, then you can’t be exempt. The average that a student must have in your class in order to be exempt is based on he number of absences that he or she has in your class. A. If a student has 0-1 excused absence in your class, their semester average must be an 80 or above B. If a student has 2 excused absences in your class, their semester average must be an 85 or above C. If a student has 3 excused absences in your class, their semester average ,must be a 90 or above If a student has an unexcused absence in your class, they may not be exempt from your test. Notes for unexcused absences will not be accepted at this point. It is the students’ responsibility to turn in notes within 5 days of returning to school after they eave been absent. Please do not give the student the attendance information that you see in your grade book as this includes extracurricular absences in the total number and those do not count. How to cite High School and Exemption Forms, Papers

This I Believe Her Name is Natalie free essay sample

I believe to succeed is to cry and laugh, love and learn, but to do it giving it all you have. Being at a new school at such a young age is overwhelming. The new house, the different classrooms and teachers, and the awkward abandonment in the cafeteria makes almost anyone crave for a sense of belonging. Moving never really was my thing because I would have to change friends and move towns. It didn’t take too long though, because after the second day of school, this skinny little girl from my class grabbed my lunch tray and headed for the nearest table. It was probably one of the most crowded tables but she saved me a seat right in the middle of it, pointed at my seat, and smiled. She looked at me and said her name was Natalie. Gossip about the newest Disney Barbies and the late nights over at her house playing on the Sega were occupying my time with her. We will write a custom essay sample on This I Believe Her Name is Natalie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In less than a month, we were best friends. Over the year, birthday parties, swimming pools, and homes were occupied with laughter and moments that could never be replaced. I think back to it now, I can not really recall how it all happened, but I moved away at the end of third grade and we stayed in contact. She was still my best friend, but she started to not call me back, and I got really worried. My mom tried to tell me why but I still didn’t understand what was going on with Natalie. It’s been six years, and I still don’t want to remember that day. When Natalie was diagnosed with Lieukemia, she went from this little ray of sunshine to the dark, dim girl sitting in the hospital bed. My best friend was dying. The doctors told her to smile and live the life she had with her friends and family. We spent our entire time together inside and outside the hospital. She still sucked on those really immense lollipops, and she still raised her voice to the crude girl in our class. I didn’t exactly understand why this whole death thing was an issue. In 2004 she had passed away, leaving me wounded and truly alone. Losing someone is probably the hardest thing any one can endure. It’s like losing faith in humanity and in your very own well being. Feeling like anyone can disappear any minute haunts you forever. I still live today like she did, by showing my spunk; standing up for my opinions and desires, exceeding in almost everything, smiling at least once on a daily basis, and just not taking for granted what is right in front of you. She showed me that even being on her death bed couldn’t have kept her from being this amazing little person that loved playing video games and being with people that really mattered to her without feeling lonely. She gave it all she had and she did not show once that she was afraid of dying. I honestly think she already knew what life was all about. I believe to succeed is to cry and laugh, love and learn, but do it giving it all you have, like Natalie did.

Good Term Paper Topics

Good Term Paper Topics Good Term Paper Topics Good Term Paper Topics You have a great choice of term paper topics, of course if the teacher did not limit your choice to the specific one. You may write about the modern matters (Obama, financial crisis) or global problems (poverty, AIDs), or choose argumentative topics (Marijuana, addictions, abortions, etc.). Our free paper blog has many written papers posted for your unlimited use (no registration and no fees). is working hard to help all students with their term paper writing projects! If you cannot find a term paper sample on your topic, try our custom term paper writing services. We guarantee delivery of a custom written term paper prior to deadline! All term papers are checked by plagiarism detecting software! Good Term Paper Sample Many hospitals are so convinced of the necessity of fondling and close physical contact while an infant is nursing that such is even prescribed on the order chart for those babies who must be fed by bottle. This baby must be held in someone's arms while taking the bottle. Certainly this is a precaution that is not taken in most orphanages, asylums, and almshouses, and it is one of the reasons why institutionalization of infants is never recommended if there is any other possibility. Ribble feels that very widespread physiological and psychological effects result from breast feeding and the mothering that should go with, it. She mentions the following as favorable effects of unrestricted sucking: Deeper and more regular breathing (all of which stimulates flow of blood to the brain with attendant brain development); better sleep, digestion and elimination; earlier focusing of eyes and grasping of objects; earlier vocalization and articulate speech. Since Ribble reports no scientific co ntrol of the innumerable factors that bring about infant development, it is hard to say how much of the physiological and psychological superiority of her group of babies was due to unrestricted sucking. However, there has been no question in the minds of pediatricians and psychologists for a number of years that the early nursing and feeding experiences of a child do have a profound effect upon the child's personality and his reactions to people and to life in general, as well as upon his health. Sherbon says: With very, very few exceptions, every mother can nurse her baby. With almost no exception, every mother should nurse her baby. In addition to breast feeding, physicians today recommend the introduction of supplementary foods, such as orange juice and certain vegetable purees, as early as the second or third month. This not only increases the supply of needed nutriments, but helps to prevent abrupt and emotionally devastating weaning from the breast. In this connection, we may stop long enough to mention an obsession that many modern parents have developed. For the last few years we have been told that we should not feed a baby every time he cries. Instead, the instructions say, we should accustom him to regular feeding periods with regular intervals between in which he should not be fed even if he does cry. Now, this program may be and probably is sound doctrine for babies that are well and babies that are receiving adequate nourishment from their food.

The Naysayers Make the Most Noise

The Naysayers Make the Most Noise A writer wrote me about how distraught he was at the negativity about becoming a writer. He professed to being an introvert, and he felt I would understand his concerns because I profess to being an introvert. So we chatted. He has made his way through life via his writing more so than his verbal repartee. Oh boy, I can really relate to that. Every success I ever had in my life somehow originated from the written word. He fought to find his way in this writing mayhem out there, to see how he can make a partial living from his writing. Â  However, what upset him was the deluge of negativity. = Most people dont edit well enough to sell. Â   = There are too many writers so dont expect to sell much. = The agents take advantage of you. = The publishers take advantage of you. = Editors dont understand writers. = Vanity presses rip you off. = Editors rip you off. = Contracts rip you off. I could go on for the entire newsletter with that list. All the racket on the internet warns writers to watch out, be careful, demons await you around every turn and in every click to a how-to website. Well, let me tell you something, my sweethearts trembling in the shadows . . . those that screw up usually make the most noise. The people who struggled with their book and made no sales, who were taken advantage of Like I tell people in my classes . . . do your homework before publishing. Dont listen to the screamers who were taken advantage of or made bad decisions. Usually they are still uninformed, still stinging from being duped, and only have revenge in their sights. Dont get sucked into the drama. Take your time writing, then take your time editing, then take your time publishing. Know your options and know them well. I speak to writers each and every day about slowing down and educating themselves. But I can only shake my head at the ones who then reply (often sharply): = I found this one publisher who sounds good and wants my material (yet the writer cannot tell me if they are traditional or indie). = I trust this. (Sorry, but you dont trust a publisher . . . you have a business relationship sealed in a negotiated contract and you are NOT friends.) = The publisher will edit this for me. They wont let bad stuff get published. (Then I hear its a vanity press.) = I cannot afford an editor, website, or time to promote; so Ill put it up on Amazon and see what happens. = Im writing this book now, and my plan is to have it published = Im not writing/promoting/blogging like everyone else, so the rules dont apply to me (two of those this week). The noise isnt always the place to run too. Sometimes its what you run from.

Marijuana Legalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marijuana Legalization - Research Paper Example Although, Marijuana was maximally consumed for recreational purposes, when its medicinal properties were discovered, it started to be used for therapeutic purposes as well. Certain components of Marijuana like THC, cannabinoids, etc., are proven to treat or even lessen the complications arising out of various diseases and health problems. Because of these beneficial properties, there are calls to legalize Marijuana for medicinal purposes, so the needy patients can get access to it without any hassles. Currently, it is illegal to possess and consume Marijuana (with only few states giving exceptions) and so the authorities are implementing extensive and tough measures to impede its movement. These measures are resulting in high costs for the government, and quite contrastingly, certain studies showed that controlling measures are in-turn leading to more crimes, thus validating the need for legalization. When the purpose or use of Marijuana is viewed from an opposite perspective, it pro vides a slightly negative picture. That is, consumption of Marijuana could cause even more serious health problems for the users (more that its’ therapeutic purposes), thus raising calls against legalization. ... However, as the cons against legalization can be managed, this paper after discussing both sides of the legalization argument, will favor legalization of Marijuana. Pros for Legalization Marijuana has been used, as part of medicinal practice, from early centuries and it was only around 1850's, it was embraced by the Western medical practitioners. (Millhorn et al., 2009). It was part of the United States' pharmacopoeia as one of the prescription drugs till 1941, treating both minor as well as major complications. However, with the passing of the Marijuana Tax Act in 1930s, the practitioners were impeded from prescribing it. (Gunnlaugsson & Galliher, 2010). In the present context, although there are severe restrictions in the use of Marijuana for medical purposes, various studies are going on, which proves the efficacy of it against many health complications, thus necessitating the legalization of it. The medicinal value of Marijuana particularly its components THC and cannabinoids can help in the treatment of various diseases and also the complications arising out of those diseases. â€Å"An alternative literature suggests that cannabis may have medicinal value for addressing a wide range of various medical diseases, though smoked product may be harmful, the active ingredients in cannabis, most notably THC/dronabinol may have medicinal value† (Johnson et al., 2008). Even if it is not able to fully treat the diseases, Marijuana can play an effective role in minimizing the physical pain and other complications that are associated with those diseases. Marijuana's main medical application is as a pain reliever. â€Å"The use of marijuana relieves pain, which results from side effects of

Compare and contrast the views of human nature, the state, and war of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of human nature, the state, and war of the following thinkers Thucydides & Waltz - Essay Example However, what makes Waltz different from Thucydides is the fact that Waltz realizes that this explanation was not adequate. He points out that it is mankind, which creates communities, regimes and other parameters, which defines its existence. As a result, he is of opinion that the second source of conflict is determined by the internal character of the state in which he/ she lives, namely the public beliefs and practices, opinions and expectations, political systems and institutions of government, that frame human behavior. Waltz does not stop here but goes further. He argues that if the structure of the state and its system of governance shapes human behavior, then the structure of the international system must also shape state behavior. Thus his concept of neorealism shuns essentialist beliefs that human nature does not explain international politics, rather rests in aconstant state of amorphous decentralized latency, which arises from mutual lack of trust and everytime the state develops technological and warfare power, which he calls offensive orovertly aggressive so as to create too much of international felling of insecurity, so much so that they are motivated to seize that power and check it to a normal condition. International politics is different than domestic politics, though, because no entity possesses a legal monopoly on the use of force. The countries of the world inhabit a self-help system, competing freely and independently to secure their own interests and promote their national secur ity. There is no global structure capable of preventing one state from attacking another. This is the third source of conflict--a condition of anarchy that does not make war inevitable, only possible. Waltz argued that states must be prepared to use military force if necessary to protect them. No one else will do it for them. Considering these three sources of conflict, the concept of whether man, the state, or the international system is paramount becomes problematized. Interestingly, Waltz argues that we need to consider all three. Waltz argues that the world exists in a state of perpetual international anarchy. Waltz distinguishes the anarchy of the international environment from the order of the domestic one. In the domestic realm, all actors may appeal to, and be compelled by, a central authority - 'the state' or 'the government' - but in the international realm, no such source of order exists. Hence in Waltz's account, states must behave in a self-help way, acting freely unles s or until other actors restrict or limit their ability to do so. Like most neorealists, Waltz accepts that globalization is posing new challenges to states, but he does not believe states are being replaced, because no other non-state actor can equal the capabilities of the state. Waltz has suggested that globalization is a fad of the 1990s and if anything the role of the state has expanded its functions in response to global transformations. Along with some other theorists, he has argued that the United States has some characteristics of an empire. In 1979 Waltz incorrectly predicted that the Cold War order would continue well into the next century. This wrong prediction, however, does not represent an anomaly in Waltz's theory since it aims to explain continuities rather than change in international system. Waltz's theory, as he explicitly makes clear in "Theory of International Politics", is not a theory of foreign policy and does not attempt to predict or explain specific

Jack and Simon in Chapter Three of the Lord of the Flies Essay example

Jack and Simon in Chapter Three of the Lord of the Flies In the Lord of the Flies, William Golding makes many contrasts between his symbolic characters. For example in chapter three, 'Huts on the beach', many contrasts and similarities are made between the two characters Jack and Simon. These descriptions give an idea to their personality and feelings. The description of Simon in the jungle, and Jack in the woods highlights many of their differences. Jack is alone and descriptions like, 'with flared nostrils', and 'ape- like' suggest he is behaving like an animal. Jack's appearance is also starting to resemble animals, as his hair has grown, 'longer', and his skin darker with, 'a mess of dark freckles'. Simon's appearance is described similarly to jacks. He has ' a coarse mop of black hair,' which was 'long' Simon on bare feet, like jack and he has dark skin and only wears, 'the remains of shorts'. This shows that both characters do not take much care in their appearance. In this sense, living on the island has effected them both in the same way. Jack has changed in himself by becoming less prim and proper. He has started to swear, become more dirty and tatty, 'streaked with brown earth' and he is wearing only, 'tattered shorts', these factors all show how jack is loosing his inhibitions and that from the start of the book he has changed greatly. The settings of the wood and jungle are quite similar, although the way Golding presents them greatly changed the perception of Jack and Simon. Simon, in the jungle is presented in an attractive way by descriptions like, 'the scent of ripeness' and, 'flower and fruit grow together on the same tree'. When Simon walks past the candle buds, the quote, 'the ... ... but it is evident that he has much wisdom, and says well thought through comments. An example of this is when Jack and Ralph are speaking, and Simon abruptly joins in their conversation by saying, 'as if it was not a good island'. This is meant in a way to try and make Jack and Ralph consider the point. Then he goes on to say, 'as if the beastie, the beastie or the snake- thing was real'. Simon unlike Ralph and Jack, does not find the beastie a threat, and does not seem scared or frightened about it. Jack and Ralph both like having the role as leader, and have a want for power over the lives of the group. Jack says to Ralph, ''you're chief. You tell 'em off', in a harsh tone, showing he is jealous about Ralph being leader. Simon, unlike Jack and Ralph shows no desire to be leader. This reinforces the idea that Simon could be compared to Jesus figure.

Capital investment analysis and inflation and capital investment analysis with taxation Essay

Inflation refers to persistent increase in price of goods and services. It is also referred to as average general increases in the price of goods and services. Prior to this time, there had been lots of argument amongst writers in finance on whether or not to ignore or include inflation when computing capital budgeting. The argument has always being that inflation affects both the discount rate and the cash flow hence the effect will always cancel out. During inflation shareholders will always demand for higher rate of return because inflation has a way of eroding the purchasing power of the shareholders but the impact of inflation on the company’s rate of return and the expected cash flow are not always the same. Shareholders are not likely to reflect the entire inflation rate on a single investment because of risk diversification strategy employed by most shareholders. Besides, inflation will not affect all the cash flows in exactly the same way. The impact of inflation on labour for instance will not be the same for material cost and cannot automatically reflect on selling price. Whichever way it is, the question is, How do we incorporate the effect of inflation in capital investment decisions? How do we adjust for inflation? Will the project still be worthwhile after adjusting for inflation? In analysing the effect of inflation in capital budgeting analysis two things should be taken into consideration. i. The effect of inflation on the discount rate – As inflation increases shareholders will demand for increased return to compensate for the reduction in the value of their capital. So there will be increase in the minimum return required by an investor. ii. How to take account of the impact of inflation on future cash flows. There are basically two types of inflation: i. General inflation – this is an increase in the average price of all goods and services in an economy. General inflation affects both the discount rate and the cash flow hence it should be properly estimated. Changes in consumer price indexes are used as a measure of general inflation in Nigeria. ii. Specific inflation – refers to changes in prices of the various components that make up the project under consideration. Various components such as sales prices, labour cost, variable cost etc. Specific inflation affects only the cash flows of the project. The treatment of specific inflation should be detailed as possible. Money Cash flow and Real Cash flow In an inflationary period there is a difference between N10,000 cash and goods and services worth N10,000. The first is the money cash flow while the later is real cash flow. Money Cash flow refers to the actual amount of cash flows in nominal term. To arrive at the money cash flow we adjust each item by its specific rate of inflation. Real Cash flow on the other hand refers to purchasing power equivalent of the actual amount of cash flows. To arrive at the real cash flows we deflate (i.e. discount) money cash flows using the general rate of inflation. In project appraisal, general inflation is usually assumed to be the same throughout the project’s life. It becomes easier to analyse the impact on both cash flows and the discount rate. However specific inflation rate need not be the same throughout the project’s life. Money Cost of Capital (MCC) & Real Cost of Capital(RCC) MCC – Measures the actual discount rate in terms of the actual money. That is, it is the discount rate in nominal terms. RCC – Measures the discount rate in constant price level terms. Return on an investment are usually based on expected returns. The anticipated rate of inflation will be reflected in required rate of return for a project. This relationship has long been recognised in financial economies and it is referred to as fisher’s effect. It is expressed as (1+m) =(1+r)(1+I) Where m= Money cost of capital R= real cost of capital I = General rate of inflation From the equation above, if ‘r’ & ‘i’ are given, m could be computed as: M=(1+r)(1+i)-1 If m and I are given the r can be calculated as r = – 1 If m and r are given, then i can be calculated as follows i = – 1 Rules to follow using MCC & RCC 1. Cash flows in money or nominal terms should be discounted at money or nominal cost of capital 2. Cash flows stated in money terms can be converted to real cash flows by discounting at the general rate of inflation. The real cash flows should then be discounted at real cost of capital. 3. Discounting money cash flow at the money cost of capital and real cash flows at the real cost of capital will give the same NPV for a project. 4. The specific rate of inflation should be effected on specific cash flow only. The cash flow arrived at should then be discounted at the relevant cost of capital which in most cases is the money cost of capital except otherwise stated. 5. Money cash flows should be discounted with money cost of capital and real cash flow should be discounted with the real cost of capital. Raze Ltd is considering a project costing N50,000. The project is expected to have a life of 4 years with a residual value of N4,000. Annual cash revenue from the project is expected to be N35,000 in year 1 rising by 6% per annum for inflation. Running cost are expected to be N15,000 in the first year of the project but would increase by 11% per annum because of inflating labour costs. The general rate of inflation is expected to be 8% and the company’s money cost of capital is 18%. Advice the company on whether or not to accept the project. Rex Ltd have been considering a 5yrs project costing N3m which on an initial estimate would earn N1.1m per annum in contribution without incurring any additional fixed cost but with a nil residual value at the end of year 4. Cumulative discount rate at 15% for 5years is 3.352. The company’s director believes that the project should be undertaken because its NPV was N687,200.00 However, further investigation into the cash flow reveals the following. a. The contribution consists of annual sales of N2.7m and variable costs of N1.6m for 1million units of sales per annum. These are the expected money values in year one. b. The sales would be made through a single distributor, who has asked for a fixed selling price of N2.70 per unit for 3yrs after which prices could increase by 18% for year 4 and held constant for year 5 c. Variable costs of N1.60 per unit in year one consists of material cost of N0.80 which are expected to increase by about 5% per annum and labour costs will rise by an expected 10% per annum for each year because of existing wage agreements with the trade unions concerned and a shortage of skilled labour for the work. Required 1. Is the initial NPV calculated correct 2. Is the project viable Solution Workings Yr 1 2 3 45 Sales2,700,0002,700,0002,700,0003,186,000 3,186,000 Less Material (800,000)(840,000)(882,000)(926,000) (972,405) Labour(800,000)(880,000)(968,000)(1,064,800) (1,171,280) Net MCF1,100,000980,000 850,0001,195,100 1,042,315 Labour at 10% Material at 5% Sales at 18% in years 4 & 5 Yr Cash flowsMCC @ 15%PV 0(3,000,000)1(3,000,000) 11,100,0000.8696956,560 2980,0000.7561740,978 3850,0000.6575558,875 41,195,1000.5718683,358 51,042,3150.4972518,239 The project is viable because it has a positive NPV of N458,010 The initial NPV calculated does not take into consideration the adjustment is sales, material and labour because of inflation. Summary We have looked at the impact of inflation in capital investment appraisal. Inflation refers to the persistent increases in prices of goods and services thus affecting the financing needs if the organisation as well as its cost of debt and WACC. Inflation is treated in capital investment appraisal by discounting inflated values of future cash flows at the money cost of capital or real cash flows at real cost of capital. Review question Idi araba town council plans to build a bridge over the local river to replace the existing ferry service. Building will start in one year’s time, that is 2006 and will take 4 yrs. It has planned to sub contract the building work to a major construction company and the best tender will involve the council in a cash expense of N10m at the start of building and further payments of N5m each year until 2010 once completed, the annual maintenance cost for the bridge will be N1m per annum according to today’s prices; the annual cost is expected to rise with the general inflation rate of 7% p.a. In addition, a major overhaul is expected to be required after the first 15years of use, this will comprise N10m of material plus wage costs of a further N10m in current prices. Material prices are expected to rise with the general rate of inflation for the next 16years and then remain constant; wage cost is expected to increase by 6% over the general inflation rate for the next 3years and then increase in line with general prices. The market interest rate the council consider relevant for the whole life of the project is 17.7%. You can assume that for calculation purpose the life of the bridge is infinite. The expected use of the bridge is 20,000 vehicles per day and toll charge is expected to increase in line with general inflation. Required a. Calculate minimum toll charge in the first year of operation necessary for the bridge to break even over its life, and explain your treatment of inflation. Note: Assume all annual cash flows arise on the last day of the relevant year. b. What other factors do you think the council should consider when deciding upon the toll charge? Note: The statement that â€Å"in addition, a major overhaul is expected to be required after the first 15yrs of use† should be interpreted to mean at the end of the first 15years of use (i.e. year 20.5 +15) (ICAN , 1993) Capital Investment Analysis and Taxation Tax is an important factor to consider when computing capital investment appraisal because of its implications on cash flows. Capital investment appraisal is based on after tax incremental cash flows arising from the project. Thus, when appraising the viability of a project tax that has to be incorporated and then discounted at the relevant cost of capital. Corporation tax This is charged on the profit made on projects that is positive cash flows and then discounted at the appropriate ruling rate. Currently in Nigeria, it is charged at 30%. It is usually charged on a preceding year basis because tax is expected to be remitted 6-11 months after the end of the period in which profit were earned. In capital investment appraisal we assume a year lag for corporation tax payment, that is, tax on taxable profits made in year one will be deemed payable in year 2 except otherwise stated. Also, when losses are made on a project the losses are used to reduce tax liability hence, it is treated as tax benefit. The amount by which tax is reduced is equivalent to cash inflow to the project. Investment Incentives – This is given to encourage investment in fixed assets. The main types include investment allowance and capital allowance. Investment allowances – are receivables which should be brought into the project appraisal in the period in which they are receivable. They are use to reduce the tax liability. Capital allowance- is available to reduce a tax liability if a business is carried on and it has a balance of qualifying capital expenditure. The reduction is treated as cash savings. Capital allowance could be treated on a straight line basis or a reducing balance basis. In Nigeria it is claimed as initial allowance and annual allowance. The Nigerian law permits a company to leave at least N10 in its book as written down value for an asset that is not yet disposed by the company. The Nigerian law also restricts the capital allowances a company can claim in any year of assessment to a certain percentage of the adjusted profit so that companies that have made profit can always increase their tax liability. On disposal of an asset no capital allowance can be claimed in the year of disposal. When disposal is finally made, the difference between the proceeds on disposal and tax written down value treated as: i. A balancing charge – if the sales proceeds exceed the tax written down value. ii. A balancing allowance if the tax written down value exceeds the sales proceeds. Assumptions on Investment allowance and capital allowance claims Two possible assumptions can be made on when to deduct capital allowance claims i. We can assume that the first claim is set – off on profits that occur in year one and it is deductible in year 1 ii. The most acceptable by examiners and in practice is to assume that the first claim occurs in year one and the tax savings occur one year later that is, year 2. Illustration 1 A company purchases a machinery at a cost of N10,000 in respect of a project which has a life of 5years and a residual value of N500. Calculate the capital allowance on a straight line basis that will be used to reduce tax payment in each year of the project. The initial allowance is 50% while the annual allowance is charge at 25%. Year ClaimsPoolAllowance 1. Initial allowance (50% x 10,000) 5,000 10,000 Annual allowance (25% x 10,000) -5,000 -10) 1,247.50(6,247.5)6,247.5 2. written down value c/f3,752.5 Annual allowance(1,247.5)1,247.5 3. written down value c/f2,505 Annual allowance(1,247.50)1.247.5 4. written down value c/f1,257.5 Annual allowance(1.247.5)1.247.5 5. written down value c/f10 Sales proceed(500) Balancing charge 490(490) Illustration 2 XYZ company is considering investing in plant and machinery costing N100,000. The machine has a life of 5 years after which it can be sold for N5,000. The machine would generate annual cost of saving of N35,000. Investment incentive on the machinery will be available as follows: Investment allowance 20%, initial allowance 20%, annual allowance 10% on a straight line basis. Tax rate 35% payable one year in arrears and after tax cost of capital is 15%. Should the machine be purchased? Solution Workings Investment allowance = 20% x 100,000 = N20,000 Capital allowance computation. Year Claims Capital Tax written allowance N down value N 1 Initial allowance ( 20% x 100,000)20,000 Annual allowance(10% x 100,000) – 20,000) 8,000 28,00072,000 2 8,00064,000 3 8,00056,000 4 8,00048,000 5 48,000 – 5000 Computation of tax liability Year 1 2 3 4 5 Cost of savings35,00035,00035,00035,00035,000 Investment allowance(20,000)—- Capital allowance(28,000)(8,000)(8,000)(8,000)(43,000) Taxable profits13,00027,00027,00027,0008,000 Tax at 35%4,550(9,450)(9,450)(9,450)2,800 Computation of NPV Year Machinery Savings Tax Net cash DCF @15% PV 0 (N100,000)- – (N100,000)1 (N100,000) 1 35,000 – 35,0000.869630,436 2 35,000 4,550 39,5500.756129,903.76 3 35,000 (9,450) 25,5500.657516,799.13 4 35,000 (9,450) 25,5500.571814,609.49 5 50000 35,000 (9,450) 30,5500.497215,189.46 6 2,800 2,8000.43231,210.44 8,148.28 The NPV is positive and thus, the machinery should be purchased. Illustration 3 New ventures Nigeria Ltd is considering a project with an initial cost of N5m. The project is to last for 5years with a scrap value of N10,000 .The project involves the production and sales of product X. Estimated future sales quantity and fixed costs are given below: YearSales QtyFixed Costs UnitsN,000 1100,0001,000 2110,0001,100 3120,0001,200 4120,0001,250 5125,0001,300 The selling price of product X is expected to be N50 per unit in year 1 rising by 5% per annum because of inflation. Variable costs are expected to be N25 per unit in year 1 rising by 8% per annum because of inflation. General level of inflation in the country is currently 7.5%. The company can claim capital allowance at the rate of 20% on the reducing balance basis on this project. Tax is currently at the rate of 35% payable one year in arrears. If the company’s after tax real cost of capital is 7%, should the company invest in the project? Solution Workings Computation of cash profit Year Sales Revenue Variable cost (N) Fixed CostProfits(N) 1100,000(N50)100,000(25)1,000,0001,500,000 2110,000(50)(1.05)110,000(25)(1.08)1,100,0001,705,000 3120,000(50)(1.05)2120,000(25)(1.08)21,200,0001,915,800 4120,000(50)(1.05)3120,000(25)(1.08)31,250,0001,916,614 5125,000(50)(1.05)4120,000(25)(1.08)41,300,0002,045,386 Computation of capital allowance(Reducing balance basis) Year Capital allowance Written down value 120% x 5,000,0001,000,0004,000,000 220% x 4,000,000800,0003,200,000 320% x 3,200,000640,0002,560,000 420% x 2,560,000512,0002,048,000 52,048,000 – 10,0002,038,000- Computation of tax liability Year 12345 Profits1,500,0001,705,0001,915,8001,916,6142,045,386 Less cap allowance(1,000,000)(800,000)(640,000)(512,000) (2,038,000) 500,000905,0001,275,8001,404,6147,386 Tax @ 35% 175,000316,750446,530491,6152,585 Cost of capital to use: (1+m) = (1+r)(1+i) i+m = (1.07) (1.075) M = 1.15025 – 1 M = 0.1503 x 100 M = 15.03% Computation of NPV Year Cost/Residual Cash profits Tax liability Net cash flow DCF@15.03% PV 0 (5,000,000) – -(5,000,000) 1 (5,000,000) 1 1,500,000-1,500,000 0.86931,303,900 21,705,000(175,000)1,530,000 0.75571,156.221 31,915,800(316,750)1,599,050 0.65701,050,576 41,916,614(446,530)1,470,084 0.5712839,712 5 10,0002,045,386(491,615)1,536,771 0.4965776,412 6(2,585) (2,585) 0.4317(1,116) 125,755 The company should embark on the project because it has positive NPV Illustration 4 SCG limited is considering a project that has the following cash flow estimates YearCash revenueCash Operating Expenses 1N’000N’000 21,600900 31,8001,100 41,400600 51,200500 500200 The project cost is N1.4m and has an estimated residual value of N10,500. The above cash flow profile has not taken into consideration the effect of changing prices. If effect on changing selling prices are taken into consideration cash revenue are expected to rise by 10% after year 1 and operating expenses by 11% after year 1. General level of inflation in the country is currently 15%.SCG Ltd can claim capital allowance at the rate of 25% on the reducing balance basis on this project. tax is currently at the rate of 35% payable one year in arrears. If the company’s after tax cost of capital is 20%,should the company invest in the project? Solution Workings Computation of cash profit Year Cash revenue (N) Operating expenses(N) Profits(N) 11,600,000 900,000700,000 21,800,000(1.10) 1,100,000(1.11)759,000 31,400,000(1.10)2 600,000(1.11)2 954,740 41,200,000(1.10)3 500,000(1.11)3913,384.50 5 500,000(1.10)4 200,000(1.11)4428,435.92 Computation of capital allowance Year Capital allowanceWritten down value 125% x 1,400,000350,0001,050,000 225% x 1,050,000262,500 787,500 325% x 787,500196,875 590,625 425% x 590,625147,656.25 442,968.75 5N442,968.75 – 10,500432,468.75 Computation of tax liability 12345 Profits 700,000 759,000 954,740 913,384.50 428,435.92 Less capital allowance 350,000 262,500 196,875 147,656.25 432,468.75 Taxable Profit 350,000 496,500 757,865 765,728.25 4032.83 Tax@ 35% (122,500) (173,775) (265,252.75) (268,005) 1,411.5 Computation of NPV Year Cost/Residual Cash Profits Tax liability Net Cash flow DCF@20% PV 0 (N1,400,000) — (1,400,000)1 (N1,400,000) 1 700,000- 700,0000.8333583,310 2759,000(N,122,500) 636,5000.6944441,986 3954,740(173,775) 780,9650.5787451,944 4913,385(265,253) 648,1320.4823312,594 5 10,500428,436(268,005) 170,9310.4019 68,697 61,412 1,4120.3349 473 459,004 The company should embark on the project because it has a positive NPV Summary The effect of taxation on a project will be to increase or reduce tax liability a company pays to the tax authority which will in turn increase or reduce the cash flows that will be used in arriving at the NPV of the project. When taxation is reflected in the cash flows, a post tax cost of capital should be used in evaluating the viability of the project. Review questions 1. Turnaround Nig Ltd is considering an investment that requires an outlay of N100,000 to be spent on the acquisition of necessary plant and machinery. The investment is expected to last for a period of 5 years by which time the residual value of plant and machinery is expected to be N18,000.The net revenue is estimated at Period 12345 Net revenue 30,000 45,000 50,000 52,000 20,000 In addition, turnaround Nigeria Plc expensed an investment of N10,000 in working capital and advertising expenses of N2,000 in period 1 and period 2. Turnaround Nigeria Plc has an after tax cost of capital of 10% and the application tax rate is 40% while the rates of capital allowance are initial allowance 20%,annual allowance 10%.Payment of tax claim may be assumed to be exactly one year in arrears. Required: Determine if the investment is worldwide 1. Links Ltd is considering investing in a project that will involve purchase of plant and machinery costing N150,000.The plant and machinery are expected to have a life span of 5 years and a residual value of N8,000. the project will generate cash profits as follows: Capital allowance is available on the plant and machinery at the rate of 25% of cost on the reducing balance basis. Tax is currently payable at 35% payable one year in arrears. The company’s after tax cost of capital is 18%.advise if the project is worthwhile.

Project Proposal Simple Linear Regression Project

PROJECT PROPOSAL Fall 2014 / IE 5318 (APPLIED LINEAR REGRESSION) Dr. VICTORIA CHEN STUDENT NAME(S): PROJECT NAME: SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION PROJECT I) PROJECT-PROPOSAL: ABSTRACT: We have considered the NBA statistics for the year 2013. We here perform an analysis to find the response of variables when different predictor variables are chosen. Here, we make observations corresponding to 38 players in the year 2013. The data set we have chosen includes: Predictor variables: X1 –Total minutes played. X2 – Number of Field goals made X3 – Number of Field throws made X4 – Number of Rebounds. Response Variables: Y – Total points scored in the year 2013 by 38 players. The reason for analyzing this data is to check the way the plots change for different predictor variables and to check the normality, linearity of the model etc. in such a way that it exhibits easy understanding. For the chosen data, we establish a relationship between the predictor variables and the Points scored (Response Variable). This helps any person to estimate the points scored at any point of time for a chosen predictor variable. DATA SET ANALYSIS: We here consider 38 observations and we plot the predictor variables against points scored. PLOT 1 : POINTS SCORED VS MINUTES PLAYED: X1 – Total minutes played (Predictor Variable); Y – Total points scored (Response Variable) PLOT 2: POINTS SCORED VS FIELD GOALS MADE: X2 – Number of Field goals made (PredictorShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Non Independent Variable, Dependent Variable And A Mediator On The Student s Sleep Quality Rating Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagestermed â€Å"Qualtrics.† The incentive to take this questionnaire and complete it accurately was eight points worth of extra credit awarded to students who did so. 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