Sunday, September 15, 2019
Gatsby Assignment
The Great Gatsby Assignment Directions: * For each chapter (except Ch. 9), at least one of the three columns (Device ââ¬â Passage ââ¬â Connection to Meaning) is completed for you. Your job is to correctly and meaningfully complete any blank column. Passages should be directly cited and effectively chosen (Include page number[s]). * Each ââ¬Å"Connection to Meaningâ⬠entry will require multiple, thoughtful sentences. * Each ââ¬Å"Connection to Meaningâ⬠entry must include: (a) discussion of meaning in the immediate context of the device, and (b) discussion of meaning in the greater context of the novel.You are expected to complete the ââ¬Å"aâ⬠portion of your discussion as soon as we read the chapter. You are expected to return to each completed ââ¬Å"aâ⬠portion at the conclusion of the novel, as you attempt to find new insight and complete the ââ¬Å"bâ⬠portion of your discussion (remember that Ch. 6 is your model for the third column, but your s should be 2-3 sentences longer and more developed). * Send me an email when you get home, and I will send you the assignment electronically. This way you can type the assignment and turn in a printed copy. My email is cecily. [emailà protected] org * This is due Thursday, March 28 (TYPED! ) Chapter| Device/Strategy| Passage and page #| Connection to Meaning| 1| Juxtaposition| ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s a bird on the lawn that I think must be a nightingale come over on the Cunard or White Star Line . Heââ¬â¢s singing away,â⬠her voice sang. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s romantic, isnââ¬â¢t it, Tom? â⬠The telephone rang inside, startlingly, and as Daisy shook her head decisively at Tom the subject of the stables, in fact, all subjects vanished into air. (15)| | 2| | ââ¬Å"But above the gray land and the spasms of bleak dust which drift endlessly over it, you perceive, after a moment, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and giganticâ⠬âtheir retinas are one yard high. â⬠(23)| | 3| Allusion (41)| | | 4| | ââ¬Å"Yeah, Gatsbyââ¬â¢s very careful about women. He would never so much as look at a friendââ¬â¢s wife. â⬠(72)| | 5| Tone shiftTone #1Tone #2Tone #3Tone #4| | | 6| | | Jay Gatsby invents parents because he does not like what his mother and father represented.Gatsby is new money and is in opposition to the old money; new money was not respected since it was earned fast and quick and not inherited or used to raise and culture those it was passed down to. So, Gatsby ââ¬Å"createsâ⬠the image that is needed in order to fit into the society in which Daisy belongs. He creates a perfect, omniscient heritage that only can be achieved by one according to Christianity, and he became the faithful servant to that image.This allowed him to achieve the status that only his ââ¬Å"heavenlyâ⬠Daisy could complete. | 7| (a) Logos (b) Ethos (c) PathosHint: You need to provide a clear example of e ach appeal in the argument to ââ¬Å"winâ⬠Daisy. | | | 8| | ââ¬Å"She was the first nice girl he had ever known. In various unrevealed capacities he had come in contact with such people, but always with indiscernible barbed wire. He found her excitingly desirable. â⬠(148)| | 9| | | |
Saturday, September 14, 2019
How Literature Reflects Communities Essay
Authors have historically used various literary works to reflect the societies in which their live. To this end, the actions of characters in literary works reflect existing social concepts whereas the surrounding societyââ¬â¢s behavior mirrors on specific charactersââ¬â¢ behaviors. In essence, societies and communities are normally depicted as mutually affecting each other. Notable cases of literary works in which such reciprocal interaction is demonstrated are the three short stories namely: William Faulknerââ¬â¢s A Rose for Emily; Flannery Oââ¬â¢Connorââ¬â¢s Good Country People; and Toni Cade Bambaraââ¬â¢s The Lesson. To illustrate, through his A Rose for Emily story, Faulkner describes Emily Grierson as being negatively affected by her surrounding society. In turn, Emilyââ¬â¢s actions negatively impact of her compatriots. Likewise, through the Good Country People story, Oââ¬â¢Connor describes the character named Joy Hopewell as negatively impacting on the people around her. Consecutively, the society in which Hopewell lives demonstrates an attitude that negatively affects her. In a similar version, Toni Cade Bambaraââ¬â¢s The Lesson story illustrates the character called Miss Moore being negatively affected by her surrounding society. In response, Miss Moore demonstrates behaviors and attitudes that negatively impact on her compatriots. All in all, Oââ¬â¢Connor ââ¬â through Good Country People ââ¬â Faulkner ââ¬â through A Rose for Emily ââ¬â as well as Bambara ââ¬â through The Lesson short stories ââ¬â describe their protagonists as reciprocally affecting and being affected by their societies in a negative way. For example, in Bambaraââ¬â¢s The Lesson story, Miss Mooreââ¬â¢s condescending opinion towards her compatriots ââ¬â especially the children with which she spends most of her time ââ¬â attracts disproval from the surrounding community. Consequently, both the children as well as the adults disrespect Miss Moore. For instance, Bambara notes that ââ¬Ëthe grown-ups (talk) â⬠¦.. when â⬠¦. behind her back like a dog,ââ¬â¢ thus showing utter disrespect for Miss Moore (). Mooreââ¬â¢s irritatingly patronizing nature is evident when she ââ¬Ëlooks atââ¬â¢ her students ââ¬Ë like she readin tea leavesââ¬â¢ (). The author thus presents a picture of an individual and the surrounding society mutually affecting each other in a negative manner. Likewise, through the A Rose for Emily story, Faulkner shows that Emilyââ¬â¢s unbecoming behavior invites rude responses from her compatriots. For instance, Emily demonstrates impoliteness when she demonstrates stubbornness towards her societyââ¬â¢s pleas that she pays taxes. She even firmly removes the societyââ¬â¢s representatives from her house. Abruptly summoning Tobe ââ¬â her manservant ââ¬â Emily instructs him to ââ¬ËShow these gentlemen outââ¬â¢ (). In reaction, the society demonstrates indifference towards her as is evident from the narratorââ¬â¢s assertions that the society does not know of Emilyââ¬â¢s sickness. To this end, the narrator remarks ââ¬ËWe did not even know she was sickââ¬â¢ (). Similarly, through his Good Country People story, Oââ¬â¢Connor depicts Joy Hopewell as a character who demonstrates haughtiness towards her compatriots ââ¬â notably Mrs. Freeman and Hopewell ââ¬Ës mother ââ¬â the result being that she becomes painfully alienated from her society. For example, because she is educated , Hopewell mocks all people around her as is evident from her remark that her mother is ââ¬Ëbloated, rude, and squint-eyedââ¬â¢ (). In reaction, society alienates Hopewell , thus making her to beg her mother to wholesomely accept her. A deeply remorseful Hopewell cries out to the mother saying ââ¬Ëlike I amââ¬â¢ take me (). In conclusion, the issue of individuals negatively reacting with their surrounding communities is clearly evident through the 3 stories, Good Country People, The Lesson, as well as A Rose for Emily. Good Country Peopleââ¬â¢s Hopewell suffers segregation due to her arrogant attitude towards her compatriots. Likewise, A Rose for Emilyââ¬â¢s Emily suffers segregation due to her condescending view of her society. Lastly, The Lessonââ¬â¢s Miss Mooreââ¬â¢s is disrespected by society owing to her attitude of viewing her compatriots as being unknowledgeable.
Friday, September 13, 2019
Business Process for Intercontinental Conference help
Since the precedent era the intercontinental conference is being held for the decorum of Business Process Management for overcoming the issues of business alliance, and get through profitable outcomes through their official ventures. This platform has conquered an alleged overview through conducting eminence analysis of business prospective amendments, and tender crucial protestation to recommend proposal to rid off, over these concerns. Acknowledged through E.Soural in 2012 that, Business Process Management upholds numerous symposiums at global level, through configuring ideal dialogue of vital reviews, condiment banter along massively prominence business deities and considers over the issues through their prospective along pioneering recommendations for the formulation of the entire tactics and condemned sustainable elucidations for suitable outcome. The Business Process Management optimize symposium progression embracing the miscellany along opulence through Business Process Management meadow and dole out as exclusive opulent over connoisseurs figure describes the blend of obedienceââ¬â¢s mending the sumptuous subjects to be the base of every speculation, sources like Managing System, Knowledge Management and Processor formulations are to be installed facing edge of the organization. Through nowadays worldwide endeavors require to admittance over salvage along amalgamate statistics all-round for the peripheral foundations. Along the competence to accomplish their aligned prospective, it is obligatory to trounce over enormous methodological obstacles mended the immense information configuration, construction of the structure and set off objectives for the procurement. Practically through the overview of assorted organization, there are some subdivisions mended for the possession along circulating the figures. Several of the organization have formulated by the comprehensive statistics across diverse peripheral foundations those are pertinent over the vicinity of conscientiousness. Administrating above prolong assorted milieu as onerous along pricey. Assortments of elucidation are penetrated intention for the business statistics analysis. The crucial is anticipated that the figures over elevated integrity, it is circulate through the communal corpses. Configuring the operation to formulate information unbolt is habitually obligatory through the provincial decrees. Usually the financial systems along the information accumulation procedures for unambiguous foundations are conducted through assorted prospective of communal populace. It analyzes significant segments among the financial system, often through the communal along constitutional progression. Through the summit if concluding the organization formulate subjective circulating of the federation. The consummate information of circulate provides information over: Through business amendments, a vital endowment of information over apiece realm configures the arithmetical bureau. Habitually there constitute over online coordination that grant admittance to statistics. Itââ¬â¢s is proficient for immense monetary, tape realistic and societal researches. Conversely, this platform formulates allocation for several of information through databases. The respite of information provides accessibility through charts displayed over the web enlighten in the course of manuscripts that is anticipated for the viewer to comprehend those files, unfortunately it is barely palatable through systems. The Europe Business Process Management conference estimated in 2012 along the coalition Of twenty nations endeavoring to relocate the revolutionary analysis over latest merchandise and overhaul through the vicinity over BPM. The Europe Business Management conference upholds assorted nationalized inventiveness to evaluate Europe. Amended the ambition is to formulate concentration over pronouncement producers along securing the sustainment above massive business expenditure of Europe Business Process Management enterprises. The entire European Business Process Management canvassers and executors are deployed to unite along the vigor. Referred by Nurcan. S in 2012 that, Analogous concept is espoused by various provincial geometric workplaces. Maneuver the information through the paradigm of central agency of Poland that allocates its information in figure of Excel documentary. The cooperative method of accumulating information through Excel sheets, which is an uncomplicated platform divide into rows and columns, anticipated supreme charter to formulate information. The additional dilemma are mended over the pamphlet progression misrepresent significant details of information apart from the availability, Meta information is also not distributed, nor endow with texted information, individual decipherable explanations. It does not ensure potential usage of information. Through some comprehensive resolution the information is mended over XML documentaries. It habitually imitate sum, and somehow obtainable through the WEB server in individual comprehensible substitute along normal form of information. Whereas information is finely prearranged through diverse prospective, a normally it is not depicted through adequate aspects as to offer express accessibility through systematic utilization. An additional quandary along the concept is implemented normally, which do not pursue unbolt customaries appropriately. Along the instance of the XML information presented through P. State Depository is offered. Acquaintance of the idiom that is precondition as to condemns suitable utilization of information. The massively significant confronts along the information utilization procedure as credentials for pertinent database through online motive. The foremost investigation locomotives present minor maintenance to recognize the information basics along analysis contended for scrupulous significances over the provided compute is practically impracticable. However, yet during individual administers the categorize supplies, which is not undemanding for repossess information because that is not obtainable along configures effortlessly palatable through curriculums. Convention develop allocate layout, along be deficient of portrayal along deficiency of Meta information and connecting among diverse database thwarts interpretation across the information, which fractious over individual database. The symposium 2013 offer entire Business Process Management and Enterprise Architecture associate of Europe through solitary podium submission to ascertain the advantageous along BPM and EA lay simultaneously. The previous seminar conducted an immense sensation along the subordinate locality was eventually suitable, as considered by the delicates. Arrangement of application is at present been conventional over the symposium. Formulate intentions regarded: Contended by Glykas M.M in 2013, however several machineries over the perspective, which could facilitates the circumstance. Configure the substance through the instance of semantic machineries, which the espoused operands to formulate information depiction and analysis. It is analyzed primarily characterized through B. Lee, that the semantic browser is not a detach portal, hence it conservatory over the WEB through our knowledge. The solitary discrepancy, which corresponds, is figures are mended along the distinct connotation, alternatively that the processor has enormous prospects to reclaim the data through the harmony along individual objectives. The Business Process Management meeting in 2013, it notable that the upcoming cohort of Business Process Management condiment its virtues further than incremental competence, and contend to switch over to envision along research base analysis of optimization over Business maneuver. It productive work include: Through several farsighted dissertations B. Lee delineates various potentials. Individual tenure may sustained through mediators, that are operational along satisfactory background acquaintance, which can consult among apiece to provide our span effortless. To configure to this competence the information should be reachable to mechanisms for alternatively suitable development competent. Whereas several necessitates should be followed like immense physical exertion, which have to be carried out before any anticipation. Mentioned by U, Rahm in 2013 that, Configure the outcome of substandard development, preliminary of the about few years, the hallucination was reconsidered along the possibility of the semantic system were constrained through accurate demonstration of information. Amended through the hallucination of the semantic browser demonstrated for the aspirations, and the entire populace would be formulate to this medium of intermediary affirm connected information. It not configured through any officially interpreted documentary, but solitary sustain information. Based on the rdf format of attitudes along a extraordinarily effortless symbolized through 3 affirmatives: The connected information is deposit of customaries functional for circulating the prearranged information on single browser through rdf diagrams. This opinion pursues urlââ¬â¢s the are obliged for through systematic profile are predestined over http, along urlââ¬â¢s which configure entwined allots course-plotting. The connected unbolt information is connected statistics archetype functional over communal unbolt information through various realms at global level. At Oct 30, 2007 the constitution campaigners held a conference at Sebastopol at California to address that how the Constitution could be uplifted of the platform of e-stored Constitutional information for communal review. The efficient concepts of ten estimations are to be embrace to aperture over constitutional data. Along the doctrine are: Connected information is presently measured through clarification over preparation of statistics fissure. That composes it unproblematic to the constructors to switch over linked data system among diverse foundations. The minimalism for the demonstration and elucidation regarding the connotation offered to be striking. Withdrawal of uncomplicated actualities presents background for massive information system. Future linked to 2 important prospective: Interior perceptions could be definite as: Those are incarcerating elementary distinctiveness over the individual to milieu impartial along idiom impartial approach. Constantly the interior terminology address as the ââ¬Å"foundational perception through scrupulous depiction idiom, corresponding as rdf along xml representation. The associationââ¬â¢s pedestal over widespread terminology formulated through aspects like Dublin Core and another crate of Meta information measurement and representations eg: Elucidated by Janssen M. in 2012 that, Over peripheral treatment corporations massively utilize cryptographic links for their commotions. Moreover aspects of geological terminology, that is immensely province unambiguous. Appropriate implementation of monetary is not condiment to be potential devoid of orientation compilation for the associations and populace eg: The suitable compilation of terminology is accessible through connected unbolt terminologies situate. Declared by N M. Weske in 2012 that, Nowadays massive range of information is whole host of corresponding database. Concerting that there is no supplementary covenants along islets regarding to database, before denoted as information storage looms, the information is previously someway correlated. The occurrence was initially mended on May, 2007 as Connected Unbolt Information district. The structure of the initially known as cloud by R. Cyganiak along A. Jentzsch in attendance through the foremost foundation of the causatives information, the involvement of dramatists are connected over cloud figure contended as the register of accessible database and linkage among them. Through every annual overview, cloud platform is extending rapidly over the horizon. Configure by H. Kà ¼hn in 2013 that, the circumstance of ability relating to connected unbolt information system establishes it competence and accessible revolutionizes persistently. The amount of information portico is prosperous over the era. Concerting through abundant information formulation corresponding through various aspects: The documentary is mended along the overall information source of the Business Process Management (BPM) tactics and formulation of systematic operands to be followed through the business procedure corresponding to which amendments are made on these prospective according to the coloration of populace demands and worth eventual. Maintaining the entire foundation of the business venture along supreme management and proficient handling, oughtââ¬â¢s be the confront of the business development. Paschou M. Sakkopoulos, E. Soural, 2012. Moblie Based Processes for Efficent Customer Flow Management. Halip T, Korgstie J, Nurcan S, 2012. Based Processes for Efficient Customer Management. Lampathaki F, V. Calcic, 2012. Translating Knowledge into Growth. Views from ICT Research to Support Future Business Innovation. Glykas M.M, 2013. Effort based performance measurement in business process management. Knowledge and Process Management. Kamarain F, Ayani R, Moradi F, 2012. A framework for simulation-based optimization of process models. Oliverira, C.A.L. Lima, 2013. Quantitative analysis of resource-constrained business process. Becker M, Klingner S, 2012. Towards Customer-Individual Configuration of Business Process Models, Kumar A, Yao W, 2012. Design and management of flexible process variants using templates and rules. Computer Industry 63. Muller R, Greiner U, Rahm, 2013. A workflow system supporting rule based workflow adaption. Data Knowledge Engineering 51. Bayer, H. Kà ¼hn, 2013."Prozessmanagement fà ¼r Experten - Impulse fà ¼r aktuelle und wiederkehrende Themen. H.Broninski, 2013."Human Interaction: The Missing Link in BPM (Part I)". Gong, Y. and Janssen, M, 2012. From policy implementation to business process management: Principles for creating flexibility and agility. Panagacos, 2012.The Ultimate Guide to Business Process Management: Everything You Need to Know and How to Apply It to Your Organization. Weske, 2012. "Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures. M.Dumas, M. L. Rosa, J. Mendling, H. A. Reijers, 2013. "Fundamentals of Business Process Management. Mckinty and A. Mottier, 2016. "Designing Efficient BPM Applications - A Process-Based Guide for Beginners" Silver, 2012. BPMN Method and Style: With BPMN Implementer's Guide. Getting academic assistance from
Building a power base Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Building a power base - Essay Example This will happen if and only if I strictly follow the power-building plan that I have. Being a professional and team player tops the list of actions in the power-building plan. To become a supervisor, one needs to prove to the organization that they know their work and that they can work well with the other members of the staff. I am no exception to this and so I have to behave in a manner that shows that I understand what is expected of me. To achieve this, I need to have a decent dress code that will show that I am a nurse; I have to come to work on time and spend extra time socializing with my patients and knowing what is affecting them. To show my professionalism, I need to respect my supervisor and always ensure that I follow their instructions carefully. Every place has its set rules and the healthcare agency is not an exception. To show that I have the ability to become a supervisor, I have to ensure that I know the hospital rules and follow them effectively. This includes reporting time, the dressing code, the way to interact with the patients and the entire w orkforce (Yoder. 2011). Effective communication is one most important element in achieving the goals. This means that I have to effective communicate with all the players in the agency. I have to ensure that through my communication I am able to recognize ranks and ensure that I do not spoil things with my communication. Getting outside help is also important. I have to look at various supervisors and what they did to achieve their current positions. After this, I have to develop leadership qualities. There is no better way of doing this than following the rules of the agency. I also have to ensure that I always see problems in the agency and report them for fixture. Ensuring that the needs of the workforce are met is also an important tool as it allows one to be loved by other members of the workforce. Lastly, I have to get empowerment from other
Thursday, September 12, 2019
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH NEEDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH NEEDS - Essay Example The Aging Network is an informal term used to describe the array of federal, state, and local government agencies established by the Older Americanââ¬â¢s Act (OAA) and the community based agencies that affiliate with them in serving older adults. The OAA contains titles of relevance to long term care. ââ¬Å"Aging Network Services can provide direction and hope, even in the most difficult of circumstancesâ⬠(Aging Network Services). ââ¬Å"The Older Americans Act focuses on improving the lives of older people in areas of income, housing, health, employment, retirement and community servicesâ⬠(Older Americans Act). Due to the ever increasing number of elderly people, the focus has elaborated from community-based to long term treatment methodologies. Through the Older Americans Act, the Administration on Aging (AoA) was created. AoA is a sublet of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, which is governed by the Assistant Secretary for Aging. This can only be done if correct assessment of health care needs is there. The Administration on Aging (AoA) is connected with its nationwide network on aging composed of regional offices, to help coordinate and develop community-level systems of services that meet the unique needs of older persons and their caregivers. ââ¬Å"[There is a] need for rethinking criteria for hospital discharge planning, more effective communication between service providers and patients, and community focus of attention on elders coming home from the hospitalâ⬠(Jones, et al, 1989). Most supportive services fall under three broad categories: Access Services, which deals with transportation and outreach, In-home Services, that concerns homemaker services, and Community Services, which is connected to dealing with adult day care and legal assistance. ââ¬Å"A disease-specific approach to geriatric preventive health care will not suffice; measures to enhance or maintain
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Race and Intersectionality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Race and Intersectionality - Essay Example The paper tells that according to Eliot, intersectionality is the study of the intersections between various disenfranchised minority groups. To be specific, it is the study of the multiple systemsââ¬â¢ interactions of discrimination and oppression. It is a study methodology of relationships among many modalities and dimensions of subject formations and social relationships. Racism is an issue of actions, practices, and views that are not only desirable based on gender because they contribute to a sense of superiority and inferiority. It reflects the humanity belief segmented in groups with women experiencing the highest effect of racism than men. Eliot points out that intersectionality tries to look into how and suggests different categories of culture, social and biology interact on many simultaneous levels thus contributing to socially unequal systems. Furthermore, Smith explains that intersectionality is of the stand that traditional conceptualization of acts of oppression in the whole society such as sexism, religion, and racism do not function independently, however, these oppression forms interrelate creating oppression systems that portray the multiple forms intersection of discrimination. ââ¬Å"Racism is not an effect but a tactic in the internal fission of society into binary opposition, a means of creatingââ¬Ëbiologizedââ¬â¢ internal enemies, against whom society must defend itselfâ⬠. ... Moreover, another example ââ¬Å"when my son was born I had been deadened with a needle in my spine. He was shown to me-the incredible miracle nothing prepared me for-then taken from me in the name of medical progressâ⬠. From the examples, intellectuality is being portrayed in the hospital set up. Stripping away a baby is like stripping a mother all her motherly rights. This portrays how gender is being reflected in the intersectionalism. According to Smith, as individuals seek to create a socially fulfilling and just everyday life and as a colle ction seeking to make history through social movements and political actions, we struggle with unstable connections between class, gender, and race. The explanatory and methodological framework for connecting all these three different axes difference and identity, of antagonism and alliance remains elusive. Harjo observes that any comparative history suggests that solidarity demand across class; race and lines of gender are most likely to compete than to coalesce. According to Eliot, social inequality different intersections are called matrix of domination. This can also be referred to as vectors of privileged and oppression. This term explains how differences in people like class, sexual orientation, age, race among others act as measures of oppression towards the women and finally change experiences in society as living like a woman. Smith explains how women for many years have been raped in wars, the immigrants and the blacks to show them their inferiority or for the men to stamp their authority. For many years the societies have had thinking that influence and fuels oppression and intensify these differences further.
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
Music & the Liturgy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Music & the Liturgy Paper - Essay Example The Psalms feature strongly, prefiguring the life of Christ, and particular festivals bring into focus scenes such as the Nativity and the Passion of Christ which were then the subject matter of hymns and sequences. The major festivals of Christmas and Easter create the setting for the composing of new sacred music, and many of the great composers produced multiple settings of the same texts, giving the world a rich collection of variations which, when compared, give an insight into the subtle changes in Christian musical and religious sensibility through the ages. This paper considers in particular three settings of one of the worldââ¬â¢s favourite Latin hymns known as Stabat Mater Dolorosa. The origins of the text itself are obscure, but scholars date it to the thirteenth century. The essence of its meaning is a reflection on the sorrowing figure of Mother of Christ, standing beneath the cross and weeping for the death of her son. The subject matter is emotive, and yet in its li nkage of suffering with the path to salvation, it has a positive message for believers, encouraging them to bear their troubles bravely and look to a blessed future with Christ in Paradise. This text has been reworked many times, using elements of secular music through the ages to enhance its relevance in successive generations. The reasons for the diverging approaches to Church music in different parts of Europe are linked to the cataclysmic events surrounding the Reformation. At the heart of this debate lay fundamental differences in the way that the Biblical text was perceived. In the protestant parts of Europe there was a growing desire to centre the literal text of scripture as the source of fundamental truth, and to place human additions such as preaching, music and the use of other devotional aids including the liturgy as secondary aids to the interpretation of this main truth. Polyphony in this context was an opportunity to explore hidden meanings in a text, having different voices express different aspects of its message for example. Emphasis and amplification could be achieved in this way. In the Roman Catholic tradition, on the other hand, the holy scripture was combined with apostolic traditions as the source of truth, leading to a higher status for the liturgy and a tendency for musical contributions to become bearers of the doctrine as much as the readings from the Bible itself. It is this emphasis on the importance of the liturgy that caused the Roman Catholic Church to clamp down on secular influences creeping into worship. The lively motet tradition, with its celebration of secular and even bawdy themes was seen as a negative influence, and this is why a return to the purity of Gregorian chant was advocated by the Church authorities. The role of the Stabat Mater was a cause of much debate in the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries because it was at the same time much loved by the population but also clearly non-Biblical in content. It became pa rt of the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows at in 1413 at the Council of Cologne and this hymn became part of the liturgy in Northern Europe from that time onwards. In the south, however, the piece was sporadically performed, but did not become such a firm part of the liturgical programme. It has been noted also that some such pieces were performed on the edge of the formal
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)